Factory Method Pattern

A factory method pattern is a creational pattern. It is used to instantiate an object from one among a set of classes based on a logic.

Assume that you have a set of classes which extends a common super class or interface. Now you will create a concrete class with a method which accepts one or more arguments. This method is our factory method. What it does is, based on the arguments passed factory method does logical operations and decides on which sub class to instantiate. This factory method will have the super class as its return type. So that, you can program for the interface and not for the implementation. This is all about factory method design pattern.

Sample factory method design pattern implementation in Java API

For a reference of how the factory method design pattern is implemented in Java, you can have a look at SAXParserFactory. It is a factory class which can be used to intantiate SAX based parsers to pares XML. The method newInstance is the factory method which instantiates the sax parsers based on some predefined logic.

Block diagram for The Design Pattern

Sample Java Source Code for Factory Method Design Pattern

Based on comments received from users, I try to keep my sample java source code as simple as possible for a novice to understand.

Base class:

package com.javapapers.sample.designpattern.factorymethod;

//super class that serves as type to be instantiated for factory method pattern
public interface Pet {

 public String speak();

}

First subclass:

package com.javapapers.sample.designpattern.factorymethod;

//sub class 1 that might get instantiated by a factory method pattern
public class Dog implements Pet {

 public String speak() {
 return "Bark bark...";
 }
}

Second subclass:

package com.javapapers.sample.designpattern.factorymethod;

//sub class 2 that might get instantiated by a factory method pattern
public class Duck implements Pet {
 public String speak() {
 return "Quack quack...";
 }
}

Factory class:

package com.javapapers.sample.designpattern.factorymethod;

//Factory method pattern implementation that instantiates objects based on logic
public class PetFactory {

 public Pet getPet(String petType) {
 Pet pet = null;

 // based on logic factory instantiates an object
 if ("bark".equals(petType))
 pet = new Dog();
 else if ("quack".equals(petType))
 pet = new Duck();
 return pet;
 }
}

Using the factory method to instantiate

package com.javapapers.sample.designpattern.factorymethod;

//using the factory method pattern
public class SampleFactoryMethod {

 public static void main(String args[]){

 //creating the factory
 PetFactory petFactory = new PetFactory();

 //factory instantiates an object
 Pet pet = petFactory.getPet("bark");

 //you don't know which object factory created
 System.out.println(pet.speak());
 }

}

Output of the above sample program for Factory Method Pattern

Bark bark

Download Java Source Code For Factory Method Pattern