Since
2008
Since
2008
Since
2008
In this tutorial, I will walk you through writing a TFTP client using Java NIO. This is part of the Java NIO tutorials series. This tutorial will help you understand DatagramChannel, Selector, Path, Paths and Files Java NIO classes.
Here I will give you a quick summary about TFTP protocol. It is a simple file transfer protocol. Simple in the sense, in comparison with FTP, TFTP is very simple to implement and use. There is no authentication process, send request to the TFTP server and you will receive response in packets of 512 bytes. Each packet should be acknowledged so that the next packet in sequence will be sent. It has a very limited set of OPCODEs, simple header and content format.
If you need more detailed information about TFTP, then I suggest you to refer my earlier tutorial Java TFTP client. In that tutorial, I have given detailed information about what is TFTP protocol, including OPCODEs and how to write Java client that is without using NIO. Use this to setup the TFTP server.
This TFTP client uses Java NIO and is capable of receiving multiple files from the TFTP server. I have used datagram channels and selectors.
/*
* create/register as many channels and send request to read
*/
private void registerAndRequest(String[] files) throws IOException {
fileCount = files.length;
selector = Selector.open();
socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(TFTP_SERVER_ADDRESS,
TFTP_SERVER_PORT);
datagramChannels = new ArrayList<DatagramChannel>();
for (int i = 0; i < fileCount; i++) {
DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open();
dc.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey selectionKey = dc.register(selector,
SelectionKey.OP_READ);
selectionKey.attach(files[i]);
sendRequest(files[i], dc);
datagramChannels.add(dc);
}
}
/*
* To create a request to GET file from TFTP server
*/
private ByteBuffer createRequest(final byte opCode, final String fileName,
final String mode) {
byte zeroByte = 0;
int rrqByteLength = 2 + fileName.length() + 1 + mode.length() + 1;
byte[] rrqByteArray = new byte[rrqByteLength];
int position = 0;
rrqByteArray[position] = zeroByte;
position++;
rrqByteArray[position] = opCode;
position++;
for (int i = 0; i < fileName.length(); i++) {
rrqByteArray[position] = (byte) fileName.charAt(i);
position++;
}
rrqByteArray[position] = zeroByte;
position++;
for (int i = 0; i < mode.length(); i++) {
rrqByteArray[position] = (byte) mode.charAt(i);
position++;
}
rrqByteArray[position] = zeroByte;
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(rrqByteArray);
return byteBuffer;
}
/*
* to send request to TFTP server
*/
private void sendRequest(String fileName, DatagramChannel dChannel)
throws IOException {
String mode = "octet";
ByteBuffer rrqByteBuffer = createRequest(OP_RRQ, fileName, mode);
System.out.println("Sending Request to TFTP Server.");
dChannel.send(rrqByteBuffer, socketAddress);
System.out.println("Request Sent Success.");
}
private void readFiles() throws IOException {
int counter = 0;
while (counter < fileCount) {
counter++;
int readyChannels = selector.select();
if (readyChannels == 0)
continue;
Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selectedKeys.iterator();
while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
System.out.println("connection accepted: " + key.channel());
} else if (key.isConnectable()) {
System.out.println("connection established: "
+ key.channel());
} else if (key.isReadable()) {
System.out.println("Channel Readable: " + key.channel());
receiveFile((DatagramChannel) key.channel(),
(String) key.attachment());
System.out.println("File received.");
} else if (key.isWritable()) {
System.out.println("writable: " + key.channel());
}
keyIterator.remove();
}
}
}
/*
* Receive the file from TFTP Server
*/
private void receiveFile(DatagramChannel dc, String fileName)
throws IOException {
ByteBuffer dst = null;
do {
dst = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(PACKET_SIZE);
// STEP 2.1: Receive
// TFTP Server chooses to communicate back on a new PORT
// so we need this to send acknowledgment back
SocketAddress remoteSocketAddress = dc.receive(dst);
// System.out.println("Packet Received from TFTP Server: "
// + remoteSocketAddress);
// STEP 2.2: Read OPCODE
byte[] opCode = { dst.get(0), dst.get(1) };
// System.out.println("Got OPCODE from TFTP Server for this Packet: "
// + opCode[0] + ", " + opCode[1]);
if (opCode[1] == OP_ERROR) {
System.out.println("Type of PACKET Received is ERROR!");
} else if (opCode[1] == OP_DATAPACKET) {
System.out.println("Type of PACKET Received is DATA.");
byte[] packetBlockNumber = { dst.get(2), dst.get(3) };
System.out.println("Packet Block Number: "
+ packetBlockNumber[0] + ", " + packetBlockNumber[1]);
// STEP 2.3: Read Packet
readPacketData(dst, fileName);
// STEP 2.4: Send acknowledgment for packet
sendAcknowledgment(packetBlockNumber, remoteSocketAddress, dc);
}
} while (!isLastPacket(dst));
}
/*
* Read content of a PACKET (STEP 2.3)
*/
private byte[] readPacketData(ByteBuffer dst, String fileName)
throws IOException {
System.out.println("Read contents of this packet..");
byte fileContent[] = new byte[PACKET_SIZE];
dst.flip(); // make buffer ready for read
int m = 0, counter = 0;
while (dst.hasRemaining()) {
// skipping the first four control bytes
// first two is OPCODE
// second two is packet number
if (counter > 3) {
fileContent[m] = dst.get();
m++;
} else {
dst.get();
}
counter++;
}
System.out.println("Packet Reading Done.");
Path filePath = Paths.get(fileName);
byte[] toWrite = new byte[m];
System.arraycopy(fileContent, 0, toWrite, 0, m);
writeToFile(filePath, toWrite);
return fileContent;
}
/*
* To check if the its the last packet In TFTP, last packet will be of size
* < 512
*/
private boolean isLastPacket(ByteBuffer bb) {
if (bb.limit() < 512)
return true;
else
return false;
}
For every packet received, we should acknowledge back to the TFTP server using the packet number. On receiving the acknowledgement, TFTP server sends the next packet in sequence. If ACK is not received, then the TFTP server will resend the same packet for a fixed number of times and then fails.
/*
* To send acknowledgment back to the TFTP server (STEP 2.4)
*/
private void sendAcknowledgment(byte[] blockNumber,
SocketAddress socketAddress, DatagramChannel dc) throws IOException {
System.out.println("Sending ACK.. " + blockNumber[0] + ", "
+ blockNumber[1]);
byte[] ACK = { 0, OP_ACK, blockNumber[0], blockNumber[1] };
dc.send(ByteBuffer.wrap(ACK), socketAddress);
System.out.println("Acknowledgement Sent");
}
Check if the path (filename) already exists and if it exists append contents to it. If not, create a new file and write contents to it.
private void writeToFile(Path filePath, byte[] toWrite) throws IOException {
if (Files.exists(filePath)) {
Files.write(filePath, toWrite, StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
} else {
Files.write(filePath, toWrite, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
}
}
Following is the complete class file.
package com.javapapers.java.net;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.DatagramChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
/*
* TFTP Client Using Java NIO
*/
public class TFTPClientNIO {
private String TFTP_SERVER_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.11";
private int TFTP_SERVER_PORT = 69;
private Selector selector;
private List<DatagramChannel> datagramChannels;
private SocketAddress socketAddress;
private int fileCount;
private final byte OP_RRQ = 1;
private final byte OP_DATAPACKET = 3;
private final byte OP_ACK = 4;
private final byte OP_ERROR = 5;
private final int PACKET_SIZE = 1024;
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
TFTPClientNIO tFTPClientNio = new TFTPClientNIO();
String[] files = { "demo.txt", "TFTP.pdf" };
tFTPClientNio.getFiles(files);
}
public void getFiles(String[] files) throws IOException {
registerAndRequest(files);
readFiles();
}
/*
* create/register as many channels and send request to read
*/
private void registerAndRequest(String[] files) throws IOException {
fileCount = files.length;
selector = Selector.open();
socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(TFTP_SERVER_ADDRESS,
TFTP_SERVER_PORT);
datagramChannels = new ArrayList<DatagramChannel>();
for (int i = 0; i < fileCount; i++) {
DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open();
dc.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey selectionKey = dc.register(selector,
SelectionKey.OP_READ);
selectionKey.attach(files[i]);
sendRequest(files[i], dc);
datagramChannels.add(dc);
}
}
/*
* to send request to TFTP server
*/
private void sendRequest(String fileName, DatagramChannel dChannel)
throws IOException {
String mode = "octet";
ByteBuffer rrqByteBuffer = createRequest(OP_RRQ, fileName, mode);
System.out.println("Sending Request to TFTP Server.");
dChannel.send(rrqByteBuffer, socketAddress);
System.out.println("Request Sent Success.");
}
private void readFiles() throws IOException {
int counter = 0;
while (counter < fileCount) {
counter++;
int readyChannels = selector.select();
if (readyChannels == 0)
continue;
Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selectedKeys.iterator();
while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
System.out.println("connection accepted: " + key.channel());
} else if (key.isConnectable()) {
System.out.println("connection established: "
+ key.channel());
} else if (key.isReadable()) {
System.out.println("Channel Readable: " + key.channel());
receiveFile((DatagramChannel) key.channel(),
(String) key.attachment());
System.out.println("File received.");
} else if (key.isWritable()) {
System.out.println("writable: " + key.channel());
}
keyIterator.remove();
}
}
}
/*
* Receive the file from TFTP Server
*/
private void receiveFile(DatagramChannel dc, String fileName)
throws IOException {
ByteBuffer dst = null;
do {
dst = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(PACKET_SIZE);
// STEP 2.1: Receive
// TFTP Server chooses to communicate back on a new PORT
// so we need this to send acknowledgment back
SocketAddress remoteSocketAddress = dc.receive(dst);
// System.out.println("Packet Received from TFTP Server: "
// + remoteSocketAddress);
// STEP 2.2: Read OPCODE
byte[] opCode = { dst.get(0), dst.get(1) };
// System.out.println("Got OPCODE from TFTP Server for this Packet: "
// + opCode[0] + ", " + opCode[1]);
if (opCode[1] == OP_ERROR) {
System.out.println("Type of PACKET Received is ERROR!");
} else if (opCode[1] == OP_DATAPACKET) {
System.out.println("Type of PACKET Received is DATA.");
byte[] packetBlockNumber = { dst.get(2), dst.get(3) };
System.out.println("Packet Block Number: "
+ packetBlockNumber[0] + ", " + packetBlockNumber[1]);
// STEP 2.3: Read Packet
readPacketData(dst, fileName);
// STEP 2.4: Send acknowledgment for packet
sendAcknowledgment(packetBlockNumber, remoteSocketAddress, dc);
}
} while (!isLastPacket(dst));
}
/*
* Read content of a PACKET (STEP 2.3)
*/
private byte[] readPacketData(ByteBuffer dst, String fileName)
throws IOException {
System.out.println("Read contents of this packet..");
byte fileContent[] = new byte[PACKET_SIZE];
dst.flip(); // make buffer ready for read
int m = 0, counter = 0;
while (dst.hasRemaining()) {
// skipping the first four control bytes
// first two is OPCODE
// second two is packet number
if (counter > 3) {
fileContent[m] = dst.get();
m++;
} else {
dst.get();
}
counter++;
}
System.out.println("Packet Reading Done.");
Path filePath = Paths.get(fileName);
byte[] toWrite = new byte[m];
System.arraycopy(fileContent, 0, toWrite, 0, m);
writeToFile(filePath, toWrite);
return fileContent;
}
private void writeToFile(Path filePath, byte[] toWrite) throws IOException {
if (Files.exists(filePath)) {
Files.write(filePath, toWrite, StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
} else {
Files.write(filePath, toWrite, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
}
}
/*
* To check if the its the last packet In TFTP, last packet will be of size
* < 512
*/
private boolean isLastPacket(ByteBuffer bb) {
if (bb.limit() < 512)
return true;
else
return false;
}
/*
* To send acknowledgment back to the TFTP server (STEP 2.4)
*/
private void sendAcknowledgment(byte[] blockNumber,
SocketAddress socketAddress, DatagramChannel dc) throws IOException {
System.out.println("Sending ACK.. " + blockNumber[0] + ", "
+ blockNumber[1]);
byte[] ACK = { 0, OP_ACK, blockNumber[0], blockNumber[1] };
dc.send(ByteBuffer.wrap(ACK), socketAddress);
System.out.println("Acknowledgement Sent");
}
/*
* To create a request to GET file from TFTP server
*/
private ByteBuffer createRequest(final byte opCode, final String fileName,
final String mode) {
byte zeroByte = 0;
int rrqByteLength = 2 + fileName.length() + 1 + mode.length() + 1;
byte[] rrqByteArray = new byte[rrqByteLength];
int position = 0;
rrqByteArray[position] = zeroByte;
position++;
rrqByteArray[position] = opCode;
position++;
for (int i = 0; i < fileName.length(); i++) {
rrqByteArray[position] = (byte) fileName.charAt(i);
position++;
}
rrqByteArray[position] = zeroByte;
position++;
for (int i = 0; i < mode.length(); i++) {
rrqByteArray[position] = (byte) mode.charAt(i);
position++;
}
rrqByteArray[position] = zeroByte;
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(rrqByteArray);
return byteBuffer;
}
}
Comments are closed for "Java NIO TFTP Client".
[…] If you are looking for a Java TFTP client with NIO then, refer Java NIO TFTP client tutorial. […]
Hi,
Could you guide how to create tftp client with nio amd configurable threads . I have doubt like how internally nio works .for ex .am downloading multiple files at the same time so i create a thread for reading so it will switch between these multiple files are else i want to create seperate thread for each file download in that sense why nio
could you answer this ?
can i please have the code for TFTP Server